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- Confidential / Need to Know
-
- Apple Competitive Analysis
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- GO CORP. LICENSES TECHNOLOGY TO IBM
-
-
- _______
- SUMMARY
-
- This week, IBM will announce that it has licensed technology for a pen-based
- computer, developed by Go Corp. The computer probably won't ship for some
- time, and we don't know enough details about it to evaluate its market impact.
- However, in the meantime, IBM will use the announcement to boost its image as a
- PC leader. Go hopes to establish itself as a major system software developer,
- and will use IBM's endorsement to collect other licensees. The implication to
- Apple is a near-term image boost for IBM (which we can probably counter with
- the right messages; more on that below). In the long run, Go could become an
- important new competitor if it can make its product successful, but it's too
- early to judge that.
-
-
- ________________
- THE ANNOUNCEMENT
-
- Go will license its proprietary handwriting-recognition software, operating
- system, and associated software tools to IBM for use in one or more future
- computers, according to a preannouncement briefing given to industry analysts.
- This is NOT news -- rumors about IBM and Go have been circulating for months.
- What changed is that Go seems to have shifted its emphasis away from developing
- hardware, and intends to be primarily a system software company. Although the
- company may still make its own computer, its main goal is apparently to
- establish and control a new software standard for pen-based computers without
- keyboards.
-
- IBM and Go told the analysts that the market for these machines is 15 million
- to 20 million "mobile people" who work away from desks. Insurance adjustors
- and people who take inventory were two examples. IBM's Go-based machines will
- be "compact," diskless, have instant-on capability, and some sort of remote
- communications function. Users will be able to read files from desktop PCs,
- but they won't be able to run standard PC applications.
-
- Go will supply the operating system, object-oriented development environment,
- and a proprietary graphical interface that can recognize "gestures" and
- hand-printed letters (but not cursive handwriting). The Go software is still
- in development.
-
- The companies said prototypes are now being tested by customers, but gave no
- release date for the machine(s). Products for languages other than English
- will apparently come later, but Go and IBM gave no timeline. The focus for now
- is the US market.
-
-
- __________________
- MARKETING ANALYSIS: More confusion
-
- The press loves to play up whizzy new technology, so IBM and Go can attract a
- fair amount of attention if they want to. If this happens, Apple should remind
- the world that these technology circuses often have little long-term impact.
- The rollouts of NeXT, OS/2, and even OfficeVision all failed to live up to
- their hype.
-
- Apple can also construct a compelling story about the confusion in the
- IBM-standard world. Through its agreement with Go, IBM has now endorsed a
- total of nine different interfaces for single-user computers. They include:
- • OS/2 Presentation Manager.
- • OfficeVision.
- • Windows 3.0.
- • DOS 4.0.
- • The proprietary interface built into the PS/1.
- • Motif.
- • NextStep.
- • Metaphor.
- • And, now, the Go interface.
-
- Apple should argue that IBM doesn't really have a technology strategy, but is
- just buying everything it can and throwing it at customers. This creates a lot
- of uncertainty -- IBM can't support nine different interfaces in the long run.
- Customers who buy the wrong one now might have to make a painful transition
- later. By comparison, the single-environment approach of Macintosh helps
- protect customers' investments.
-
- Finally, Apple should point out that the Go/IBM deal is just vaporware. They
- don't even have a planned shipping date yet, let alone a finished product. And
- after that, Go will face a very difficult task in establishing a new computing
- software standard. Only one company, Adobe, has managed to do that recently --
- and they came in through the back door.
-
-
- __________________
- TECHNICAL ANALYSIS: Too soon to tell
-
- We don't yet have answers to several critical questions:
- • How expensive will the machine be?
- • How accurate is the handwriting recognition?
- • What is the performance?
- • Will software developers support the environment? (So far we know of
- only one or two Go developers.)
-
- Without this information, we can't estimate Go's chances. There are already a
- few handwriting-recognition machines on the market (most notably the GridPad
- and the Canon AI Note), and they haven't set any sales records. The key
- question is whether Go can make a computer do something fundamentally new and
- different.
-
-
- ____________
- IMPLICATIONS
-
- • Watch Microsoft. Microsoft will not sit still for the creation of a new
- operating system vendor. The company is already working on its own
- handwriting-recognition technology, and you can expect to eventually see a
- version of Windows or OS/2 that works with a pen. If Microsoft does a good job
- with that product, the company's size and applications base will probably be
- enough to confine Go to a niche.
-
- On the other hand, if the Microsoft response is as technically inept as Windows
- 1.0, then Go will have an opportunity to entrench itself.
-
-
- • The implications to Apple are more difficult to assess. If Go and IBM are
- correct that character-recognition PCs will be a separate market segment, then
- the potential downside for Apple is only the loss of a growth opportunity
- (something like what happened in laptop computing).
-
- On the other hand, if Go really has a breakthrough in interface technology,
- then it is very likely to spill over into other computing segments. The
- downside to Apple then could be the erosion of its technical leadership in
- personal computing, if it doesn't match Go's technology.
-
- We've never seen a handwriting-recognition system that really worked well, so
- we're not about to panic about Go. However, someday, somebody will eventually
- get it right. It's important not to just think of handwriting-recognition as a
- technology for portable computers. It's really a new input and interface
- technology that could have broad applications throughout computing.
-
-
- • Apple should also watch the public reactions to Go, to see how the world
- accepts the idea of a non-standard software environment for mobile computers.
- This should help indicate the level of Macintosh compatibility needed for any
- mobile computing products Apple might decide to make in the future.
-
-
- _________________
- We welcome your feedback. Please link us at COMPETITION.
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